Sunday, November 8, 2020, 01:07 AM
Dark matter is one of the riddles and challenges of the physics of the 20th century. Despite the hundreds of scientific articles published annually, it is not known what has been compiled. These lines refer to how the idea of the existence of this strange issue that represents 80% of the mass of the universe has arisen.
Talking about dark matter is to enter the universe and look at the galaxies in it. Star sets, gravitatingly united, who travel and go together at high speed. Ours is the Melkweg. For galaxies there is a relationship between their masses and the light they broadcast. Therefore, if we measure the light that comes from a galaxy, we can calculate the mass of it. The masses can also be calculated on the basis of its rotation speed. 84 years ago, Vera Rubin, an American researcher, noted that the masses of the rotation speed were much greater than the one obtained from the emission of light. The only explanation is that part of the mass of the Melkweg does not broadcast light. That mass that no light emissions or absorbs was called dark matter. Technically, it is said that the electromagnetic interaction is missing. That is, it lacks electrical charge or has so little that we do not detect it.
In addition to this first proof, there are others who confirm this strange situation. Einstein’s general gravitation theory (1916) shows that intense gravitational fields curves the straightforward light path. The theory was confirmed by observing a total Sun Eclipse (1918) in the southern hemisphere. In the case of the galaxies, the curvature of the light that comes from behind them requires a gravitational field produced by a larger mass than that calculated from his light emissions. Another calculation of the dough has to do with what the background radiation of the universe is called. It is a radiation that is said that “it in the beginning” it is fossilized “and that it can be measured. In principle, if the whole mass of the universe is the one who is calculated by the emission of light, that is, the one we see, that radiation would have a uniform distribution. But it isn’t. This dark mass is needed to explain the asymmetrical distribution of background radiation.
Since 1936, try, theoretical and experimental, the properties of this dark matter. It is believed that it is formed by basic particles that differ from that of the masses we know. These particles will have interactions between them, although interaction with us does not exist or will be very weak. Moreover, this issue will have gravitating characteristics, but no light broadcast or absorb. The research follows three paths from an experimental point of view. The interactions, if there are, with normal matter, their destruction in the galaxies that give rise to normal particles, and experiments conducted by collision of well -known particles in the accelerators. For example in Hadrones del Cern. After 84 years, the basic particles of dark matter are still elusive.
