Height jump | The provinces

The jumps are used in a large number of sports and by the majority of animals. For this reason, in both cases, jumps have been the subject of many theoretical and experimental studies. Today we are talking about the height voltage, one of the most technical and complex tests of athletics. It consists of passing the center of the body on the other side of a horizontal bar without throwing it. The explanation requires the definition of the mass tool: it is the place where the entire mass of a body is concentrated if we reduce it to a point. In a vertical man it is more or less through the navel, but, if bent by the waist, it is outside the body, in the interior of the curve.

The high jump has evolved from the first Olympic Games. So in Berlin (1936), although the athletes used different techniques, the most scissors used. But some athletes already used a primitive version of the ventral role. Initially, the athlete with the scissors with the body jumps vertically over the bar while lifting the legs with the scissor movement. Then the scissors came to tilt the body to lift the pelvis. The following technique consisted of rolls on the beam with the body rotation axis in the longitudinal direction and parallel to the beam. The maximum purification of this jump came when the athlete succeeded in holding his arms and legs under the bar to let his center of dough pass under it.

In the Mexico (1968) Olympic Games, the American athlete Dick Fosbury brought about a revolution in the height trap with a technique used by all athletes. The genius of the Fosbury technique is that when the beam is folded, the center of mass passes by, always, on the other side of the beam below. In the current leap there are three phases: the approaching race, the take -off and the flight or bars clearance. To do this, the athlete travels a curve registered in a right triangle whose small Cateto is obtained by extending the beam and the other Cateto is vertical. The scientific literature is not convincing with regard to the ideal length to obtain the maximum response: it depends on the experience of the jumper, his ability to accelerate, are mechanics of the race, the external speed and effects (air, rain, etc.). Along the curve, the athlete first runs almost vertically to the beam, then through the curve and ultimately almost parallel to the beam until the correct take -off position is achieved. At that moment the foot confirms and the horizontal speed converts into vertical speed and corner impulse. The vertical speed helps you increase the mass tool and the corner momentum helps the athlete to turn the bar. On the Take -off point, the athlete leans behind the bar and forms a light acute angle with the ground. This angle helps a better transformation of vertical horizontal speed. In this process there are also the reaction forces supported by the Take -Off Foot, which achieve very high values.